System variables in eyewitness identification: Control experiments and photospread evaluation1
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
The Role of Estimator Variables in Eyewitness Identification.
Estimator variables are factors that can affect the accuracy of eyewitness identifications but that are outside of the control of the criminal justice system. Examples include (1) the duration of exposure to the perpetrator, (2) the passage of time between the crime and the identification (retention interval), (3) the distance between the witness and the perpetrator at the time of the crime. Su...
متن کاملEyewitness Identification
Eyewitness identifications play an important role in many police investigations and courtroom decisions. Identification decision accuracy is shaped not only by the quality of a witness’s memory but also by social-influence variables. Some variables can be categorized as general impairments, whereas others produce biases against a specific suspect. We review some of the key variables in each cat...
متن کاملEyewitness Identification
blank lineup (target absent lineup) A lineup in which all the members are known to be innocent . cognitive interview An interview technique designed to enhance memory and communication of events through the use of guided retrieval techniques . effective size The number of plausible members in a lineup . encoding specificity principle If cues that were present at encoding are also present at ret...
متن کاملEyewitness Identification and the Accuracy of the Criminal Justice System
This article addresses the problem of eyewitness identification errors that can lead to false convictions of the innocent and false acquittals of the guilty. At the heart of our analysis based on signal detection theory is the separation of diagnostic accuracy—the ability to discriminate between those who are guilty versus those who are innocent—from the consideration of the relative costs asso...
متن کاملInitial eyewitness confidence reliably predicts eyewitness identification accuracy.
Eyewitness memory is widely believed to be unreliable because (a) high-confidence eyewitness misidentifications played a role in over 70% of the now more than 300 DNA exonerations of wrongfully convicted men and women, (b) forensically relevant laboratory studies have often reported a weak relationship between eyewitness confidence and accuracy, and (c) memory is sufficiently malleable that, no...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Japanese Psychological Research
سال: 1996
ISSN: 0021-5368
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5884.1996.tb00005.x